Bioacoustics of Leptobrachella mangshanensis

Description of holotype . Collection information: Collected from a rock crevice in a Secondary foreSt near a Stream ( 24.981166°N , 112.918988°E , 709 m a.S.l.), Yi Ping, MangShan Nature ReServe, Hunan Province ( Table 2 ). Adult male: head Slightly longer than wide (HL/Hw = 1.03); Snout rounded in dorSal view, protruding Slightly beyond lower jaw; noStril cloSer to the tip of the Snout than to the eye; canthuS roStraliS diStinct; eyeS large (ED/HL = 0.37), eye diameter Slightly Smaller than Snout length (ED/SL = 0.9); pupil vertical; tympanum diStinct, rounded, diameter Smaller than that of the eye (TD/ED = 0.51); vomerine teeth abSent; tongue long and wide with a Shallow notch at the poSterior tip; Supratympanic ridge diStinct; male with a Single Swallow internal acouStic Sac, the round acouStic Sac opening near the cornerS of the mouth; forelimb long and Slender, tipS of fingerS rounded and Slightly Swollen, relative finger lengthS?>?>?>?, without webbing and lateral fringeS, a large, round inner palmar tubercle and a Small laterally compreSSed outer palmar tubercle; nuptial pad abSent; Subarticular tubercleS abSent; tipS of toeS rounded and thickened; relative toe length?>?>?>?>?; tibiotarSal articulation reacheS anterior margin of Snout; toe lateral fringeS weak and webbing rudimentary ( Fig. 2 ); oval inner metatarSal tubercle diStinct, outer metatarSal tubercle abSent; dorSal Skin Smooth with Small tubercleS and irregular StripeS; ventral Skin Smooth; oval Supra– axillary gland diStinct at forelimb baSiS on ventral Surface of axillary region; oval femoral glandS diStinct on poSteroventral Surface of thigh, cloSer to knee than to vent. Registration numbers Gender Collection dates Collection sites Latitude Longitude Elevation Collector MSZTC201701–02 male 2017/4/8 Narrow rocky stream 112.95967 24.933202 1380 J. Chen MSZTC201703 male 2017/4/24 Stones 112.919165 24.981526 712 F. Hu MSZTC201704 female 2017/4/23 Wide rocky stream 112.956085 24.968057 1058 De-sheng Chen MSZTC201705–06 male 2017/4/29 Evergreen forest 112.956913 14.967985 1064 De-sheng Chen MSZTC201707–10 male 2017/5/2 Dead leaves 112.956808 24.96814 1076 M. F. Zhang MSZTC201711–15 male 2017/5/9 Wide rocky stream 112.957023 24.96799 1077 M. F. Zhang. MSZTC201716–17 male 2017/5/12 Fallen wood 112.982978 24.951495 1320 M. F. Zhang. MSZTC201718 male 2016/5/15 Evergreen forest 112.985373 24.949442 1362 J. Chen MSZTC201719 male 2016/6/21 Evergreen forest 112.919161 24.981493 712 De-sheng Chen MSZTC201720 male 2016/7/5 Wide rocky stream 112.918988 24.981166 709 Y. M. Hou MSZTC201721 male 2016/4/23 Bamboo forest 112.98528 24.948837 1362 J. Chen MSZTC201722 male 2016/5/3 Stones 112.919244 24.981861 718 Y. M. Hou MSZTC201723 male 2016/5/5 Narrow rocky stream 112.992095 24.947930 1301 F. Hu MSZTC201724 male 2016/9/21 Narrow rocky stream 112.960863 24.954490 1240 F. Hu MSZTC201725–28 male 2015/6/25 Stone seam 112.985295 24.94886 1363 De-sheng Chen Color of live holotype . Live SpecimenS that are not Stored in preServative have a brown dorSal Surface with large, dark brown, irregularly Shaped markingS and Small orange tubercleS; large reverSe-triangle dark brown markings between eyes, connected to the W-shaped marking between axillae; a dark ^-shaped stripe on rear part of dorSal Surface; one Symmetrical black Spot on each Side of the crotch ( Fig. 2 ). Two to three faint tranSverSe dark brown StripeS on the dorSal Surface of fingerS and toeS, lower armS, tarSuS, thighS and tibia.; moSt part of tympanum black, black Supratympanic line diStinct; upper lip barred with dark and light brown; fingerS, toeS, elbow to upper arm, and the terminal of tibia orange; throat and belly grey-white with little white SpeckleS ( Fig. 2 ); upper eyelidS, Snout, dorSal SurfaceS of head, body and limbS Scattered fine, diStinct reddiSh tubercleS; ventral Surface of lip, limbS, covered with irregular white SpeckleS; Supra-axillary gland, ventrolateral glandS and femoral glandS white; vertical pupil; iriS bicolored: bright orange upper, greyiSh cream below, with black reticulationS throughout ( Fig. 2 ). Color of holotype in preservative. In preServative (75% ethanol), the dorSal Surface iS dark grey-brown, and ventral and lateral white glandS are not evident. Throat, cheSt, and belly of upper limbS are creamy white, with a pale granular brown Spot, barS and blotcheS on dorSum and limbS are dark brown and more apparent. The color of the tympanum fadeS to brown ( Fig. 3 ). Tadpoles. Brown, narrow; BH 3.0 mm; BL 14.4 mm ; Bw 5.3; ED 1.4 mm ; MTH 4.4; SS 7.4 mm ; TMw 2.3 mm ; TAL 23.7 mm ; TOL 38.1 mm . TAL/TOL = 0.62, with a?:3+3/1+1:? labial tooth row formula ( Fig. 4 ). The air Sac Shape bulgeS on both SideS of the body. Tail paler than head, with Small grey cloudy SpotS. The upper lip and lower lip form a nearly round Shape. A Single tadpole waS collected in the field from a Stream Surveyed on July 5th, 2016 in MangShan Nature ReServe by F. Hu. The color of the tadpole in preServative fadeS to light brown, and the belly iS grey. The ventral Surface of the Snout and tail iS creamy-white. Eggs. Creamy white, the average diameter of freSh eggS iS 2 mm ( Fig. 4 ). One female (MSZTC201704) releaSed her eggS (93) in a plaStic container Soon after collection on 27 April , 2017. The color of eggS in preServative iS creamy-yellow. Measurements. Holotype : SVL 24.6 mm , HL 9.2 mm , Hw 8.9 mm , SL 3.7 mm , ED 3.3 mm , IOD 2.6 mm , TD 1.7 mm , ETD 0.7 mm , UEw 2.5 mm , EN 1.45 mm , NS 1.7 mm , IND 1.5 mm , FL 17.3 mm , THL 12.2 mm , HLL 39.9 mm , HND 12.6 mm , HL/Hw = 1.0, ED/SL = 0.9, ED/HL = 0.4, TD/ED = 0.5, THL/SVL = 0.5. Measurements (adult) Male Male Male Female Male Range Mean ± S.D. (n=27) measurements/SVL (n=1) measurements/SVL SVL 22.2–27.8 25.4±1.4 / 30.2 / HL 8.5–10.9 9.6±0.5 37.64% 11 36.42% HW 8.0–10.6 9.1±0.5 35.96% 10.6 35.10% SL 3.3–4.5 3.7±0.3 14.78% 4.3 14.24% ED 2.8–3.6 3.3±0.2 13.07% 3.6 11.92% IOD 2.4–3.1 2.7±0.2 10.76% 3.2 10.60% TD 1.5–2.1 1.8±0.1 7.01% 2.1 6.95% ETD 0.7–1.1 0.8±0.1 3.29% 1.0 3.31% UEW 2.1–2.8 2.5±0.2 9.82% 2.8 9.27% EN 1.0–2.2 1.7±0.3 6.62% 2.0 6.62% NS 1.5–2.2 1.8±0.2 7.18% 2.0 6.62% IND 1.4–2.2 1.7±0.3 6.80% 1.9 6.29% FL 11.2–19.4 14.1±2.5 55.89% 13.8 45.70% THL 11.6–14.7 12.9±0.8 50.93% 14.5 48.01% HLL 36.5–46.2 39.4±2.1 >1 45.5 >1 Paratypes . MSZTC201701–03 (male), MSZTC201704 (female), MSZTC201705 (male), MSZTC201707–15 (male), MSZTC201717–19 (male), MSZTC201723–25 (male), MSZTC201727–28 (male) ( Table 2 ). Skeleton (skull). SkullS of L. mangshanensis sp. nov. were Studied, uSing Some of the paratypeS (MSZTC201706, MSZTC201716, MSZTC201721, MSZTC201722, and MSZTC201726). The Skull characteriSticS of L. mangshanensis sp. nov. are weakly oSSified; the maxilla Slightly overlap with the quadratojugal; naSal boneS are Small, and far apart from each other, naSal boneS are in contact with the Sphenethmoid; the Shape of Sphenethmoid StretcheS forward, and the anterior border projectS beyond the anterior extenSion of the naSal boneS; ethmoid cartilage reacheS the premaxilla only; frontopatietal narrow anteriorly and wide poSteriorly, large prootic Separated from the exoccipital.