Account
What the sources say about this taxon, as written.
discussion · 
Plazi
Remarks .— Bicolor species group (Corbet and Hill 1992). This species was caught in harp traps in small flyways. Hipposideros bicolor has a simple noseleaf, lacking leaflets, and a straight internarial septum (Hill 1963; Hill et al. 1986). More than 20 individuals per night were captured in Krau and released after identification, representing the highest total number of specimens of a single species captured at any site. This species was classified into two different phonic types , 131 kHz and 142 kHz, in Peninsular Malaysia ( Kingston et al. 2001 ). A third phonic type of 136 kHz has been recorded in Sarawak (Les Hall, pers. comm.). Although several morphological features have been described to differentiate the ‘131’ and ‘142’ types , some overlap exists among these features and the frequency of echolocation calls seems to be the best discriminator ( Kingston et al. 2001 ). Variation in echolocation call frequency is reflected in cyt- b sequences with a genetic distance of 7% between the two phonic types in Peninsular Malaysian populations ( Kingston et al. 2001 ). When these two types were compared to Borneo individuals, genetic distances of 5% (to the 131 type ) and 11% (to the 142 type ) were observed. The significance of this variation remains to be defined. The only available subspecies name in Borneo is H. b. bicolor that is similar to those from Java ( type locality), whereas in Peninsular Malaysia it is H. b. atrox (Hill et al. 1986). The two phonic types that are found in Peninsular Malaysia occur sympatrically, suggesting there is at least one unrecognized species within currently designated H. bicolor from Malaysia . Specimen TTU 108296 ( 13 August 2006 ) was pregnant.
discussion · Plazi
Comments Individuals were captured in harp-traps set across forest trails at Marang and Tintang formations. With the exception of more recent records from Barito Ulu and Sungai Lesan, the confirmation of this spe- cies in Sangkulirang is an important new record for Kalimantan. Elsewhere in Borneo it is known from only a few scattered localities in Brunei , Sabah and Sarawak where it is known to roost in caves and tunnels. In Peninsular Malaysia H. bicolor is represented by two phonic types that exhibit genetic and acoustic divergence, but morphological overlap ( Kingston et al ., 2001 ). All individ- uals captured at Sangkulirang resemble the 131 kHz phonic type based on subtle differ- ences in noseleaf shape and forearm length, 45.5–47.8 mm (M. J. Struebig, personal ob- servation following Kingston et al ., 2006), but this can only be confirmed by genetic analysis or call recordings.
discussion · Plazi
Discussion: bicolor species group. Includes erigens ; see Hill (1963 b ) . Does not include pomona , gentilis , or macrobullatus ; see Hill et al. (1986) . Reviewed in part by Hill (1983) , Bergmans and van Bree (1986) , Corbet and Hill (1992) , Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1995) , and Kitchener et al. (1996). Sumbawa specimens have not be allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1996). Probably includes more than one species, including cryptic species distinguishable primarily by echolocation call frequencies (see Kingston et al., 2001 ).
discussion · Plazi
Remarks This is a medium-sized species of the bicolor group with forearm length ranging from 43.8 to 47.1 mm ( n = 15) and ear length from 15.4 to 19.7 mm ( n = 11). There are two bicolor -group species from mainland Southeast Asia which overlap in forearm and ear length, namely Hipposideros bicolor (as H. bicolor 131 kHz in Kingston et al. , 2001 ) and H. atrox (as H. bicolor 142 kHz in Kingston et al. , 2001 ), which are both confirmed from Sumatra ( Douangboubpha et al ., 2010 ). In the past, the similarity of external traits and the unclear taxonomic relationships among geographic populations has made identification in the field difficult. Previous studies suggest that peak frequency of the echolocation call ( F MAXE , frequency with maximum energy of a call) is a diagnostic trait distinguishing H. bicolor (127.0–134.4 kHz with a mean [ x ] of 131 kHz in Kingston et al. , 2006 and 129.0–135.1 kHz, x = 132.1 kHz in Douangboubpha et al ., 2010 ) and H. atrox (138.0–144.0 kHz, x = 141 kHz in Kingston et al. , 2006 and 135.1–146.7 kHz, x = 142.3 kHz in Douangboubpha et al. , 2010 ). However, echolocation calls recorded in the present study ( F MAXE 133.0–138.4 kHz, x = 136.8 kHz, n = 7) are partially in the acoustic mid-space between H. bicolor and H. atrox . Based on molecular analyses, Khan (2013) concluded that the bicolor -group bat from Way Canguk Forest is the same species as H. bicolor ( H. bicolor 131 kHz) from Central Java, Borneo, and Peninsular Malaysia (as H. bicolor - 2 in Khan, 2013 , median values of F MAXE : 131–133 kHz), although echolocation data were unavailable for the Way Canguk bats in that study. In the present study, we tentatively assign all our bicolor -like bats as H. bicolor , as suggested by Khan (2013) .