Bioacoustics of Haddadus aramunha

Distribution and ecology: Strabomantis aramunha is presently known only and supposed to be endemic to the “campos rupestres” of the neighborhood of Mucugê municipality, Serra do Sincorá, Espinhaço Range ( Fig. 4 ). The Espinhaço range is well known by the high level of species endemism (e.g. Bokermann 1956 , 1964 ; Cunha 1966 ; Bokermann & Sazima 1973 , 1978; Sazima & Bokermann 1978, 1983; Caramaschi & Sazima 1984 , 1985 ; Vanzolini & Heyer 1988 ; Pinna 1992 ; Wege & Long 1995 ; Stattersfield et al . 1998 ; Heyer 1999 ; Lugli & Haddad 2006a , b ; Napoli & Juncá 2006 ; Rodrigues et al . 2006 ). This mountain complex lies over Eastern Brazil at the transitional limits of the Atlantic forest and the Cerrado biomes with elevations from 700–2000 m a.s.l. ( Stattersfield et al . 1998 ). The region is characterized by open and rocky areas dominated by shrubs and grasses referred to as “campos rupestres” or “campos de altitude” (for detailed characterization of Brazilian “campos de altitude” see Safford 1999a , b ). All specimens of S . aramunha were found at night, motionless on exposed rock outcrops in the “campos rupestres”. This is also the way broad-headed frogs have been frequently found as reported by Lynch (1997). Despite the rain, we did not hear the frogs calling. Nevertheless, the apparent absence of advertisement call is not infrequent among eleutherodactylines ( Savage 1987 ; Savage & Myers 2002 ).