Bioacoustics of Gekko cib

Description of holotype . CIB 116961 ( Fig. 7 ), an adult male with a total length of 98.8 mm (SVL 46.9 mm , TaL 51.9 mm ); body slender, elongate (AG/SVL 0.47); head longer than wide (HL/HW 1.24); rostral quadrangular without suture medially, nearly twice wider than high (RW/RH 2.10) and wider than mental (RW/MW 1.50), touching first supralabial and supranasal on each side; nostrils oval, in contact with rostral, first supralabial, supranasal, and two enlarged nasals posteriorly, upper nasal smaller than lower nasal; posterior nasal region concave; internasals 2, slightly enlarged; preorbitals 15/16, preorbital region deeply concave; interorbitals 31; eye large (ED/HL 0.25), pupil vertical, elliptic; ear opening oval, horizontal, smaller than eye (TD/ED 0.34); mental trapezoid, about two times wider than long (MW/ML 1.75); postmental single, hexagonal, length about equal to width, shorter than length of mental, touching mental and first infralabial on both sides and 4 gular scales posteriorly, gular scales about equal size; supralabials 11/13; infralabials 13/13; dorsal scales on body smooth, round or oval, granular and juxtaposed, tubercles absent; lateral fold present; ventrals distinctly larger than dorsal scales, smooth, imbricate, and largest in the middle of belly; ventral scale rows at midbody 40; scale rows around midbody 135; ventral scales in a row between mental and cloacal slit 180; scales on dorsal forelimbs slightly enlarged; no tubercles on dorsal surface of limbs; scales on anterior and ventral parts of femur larger than those on posterior and dorsal parts; fingers and toes basally webbed; subdigital lamellae under first finger 9/9, under fourth finger 11/10, under first toe 10/10, under fourth toe 11/12; precloacal pores 8, in a continuous row; 11 precloacal scales rows and distinctly smaller posteriorly, three rows after precloacal pores enlarged; postcloacal tubercles 1/1; base of tail thickened, without tubercles on dorsal surface; subcaudals in a single median series, smooth, imbricate. Coloration of holotype . In life, dorsal surface of head brownish grey, speckled with dark, grey, and beige; labials yellowish, with grey bars; upper eyelids brownish yellow; dorsal surface of body brownish grey with black and pale grey blotches, several enlarged pale grey blotches present along the vertebral column, some of them bordered with black anteriorly; dorsal surface of neck with an indistinct W-shaped marking; dorsal surface of fore and hind limbs pale grey, finely speckled with darker spots, outer region tending to beige especially on fingers and toes; ventral surface of head, belly, and limbs cream with small black spots; dorsal surface of tail with eleven grey transverse bands, becoming darker and more distinct posteriorly; ventral tail pale grey in forepart and with nearly closed bands distally. In preservative ( Fig. 7 ), the pattern of recently preserved specimens resembles that of live animals, but the pale grey coloration on the dorsal surface of body and limbs becomes darker. Variations. Measurements and scale counts of type series specimens are given in Table 5 . Ground color on dorsal surface of head, body and tail is also different among each individual from yellowish grey to blackish grey in the wild, most individuals body color become darker after capture. Hemipenial morphology. Description based on paratype SYS r002398 ( Fig. 3C ). Right hemipenis, fully evert- ed organ 6.00 mm long, 4.48 mm wide, stout, clavate, shallowly bilobed; densely covered with small or tiny calyces, seams of calyces denticulated. Two lobes subequal, both the lobes covered with calyces, calyces on distal part of lobes tinier; calyces proximally extend to the upper half part of truncus, bordered by slightly protruded fold. Each lobe with a distinctly protruded, comma-like apical folds, two folds not in contact with each other. On sulcal side, a distinct tongue-like welt present at crotch, curled inward. A thin, wrinkled, lateral welt present on the left side of sulcal lip, in contact with sulcal lip at distal one third of truncus. On asulcate side, lateral welt invisible, a small and boomerang-like area present on the center of each lobe, calyces on this area not well developed. Sulcus spermaticus forked, bordered by voluminous skin bulges, bifurcate at middle part of truncus, terminating on the upper side of each lobe in a slit-like concavity. sulcal lips moderately protruded, gradually become weaker and thinner towards the distal part of the organ. Comparisons. Gekko ( Japonigekko ) cib sp. nov. is compared with all 30 recognized species within the subgenus Japonigekko . Gekko ( Japonigekko ) cib sp. nov. used to be recorded as G. ( J. ) subpalmatus . However, the new species can be distinguished from the true G. ( J. ) subpalmatus in eastern China by the following morphological characters: mentals more elongate transversely, MW/ML ratio 1.60 ± 0.12 ( versus 1.36 ± 0.18); larger eyes, ED/HL ratio 0.23 ± 0.03 ( versus 0.19 ± 0.01). In addition, G. ( J. ) cib sp. nov. differs from G. ( J. ) subpalmatus in the following distinct hemipenial characters ( Table 3 ; Fig. 3 ), including having sulcus spermaticus bifurcate at half of the truncus length (vs. bifurcate at crotch of hemipenis), lateral welt of the base of the sulcus spermaticus weakly developed, in contact with sulcus lip ( versus well developed, not in contact with sulcus lip), and a smaller ornamented area (calyces confined to lobes and distal 1/2 of truncus versus calyces extended to lobes and distal 2/3 of truncus). Gekko ( Japonigekko ) cib sp. nov. is the sister taxon to G. ( J. ) melli from southern China , however, it differs in the appearance, dorsal body with regular patches ( versus dorsal body with irregular enlarge patches), absence of an incomplete W-shaped marking on top of head ( versus present), W-shaped marking on dorsal neck narrow ( versus W-shaped marking on dorsal neck broad), and in the following data of scale counts: (1) fewer scales around the middle of the body, SR 128–149 ( versus SR 147–160), (2) fewer precloacal pores in males, PP 7–9 ( versus PP 9–11). Particularly, G. ( J. ) cib sp. nov. differs from G. ( J. ) melli in the following distinct hemipenial characters ( Table 3 ; Fig. 3 ), including having lateral welt of the base of the sulcus spermaticus weakly developed, invisible from asulcate side ( versus developed, visible from asulcate side); developed tongue-like welt ( versus weakly developed); a smaller ornamented area (calyces confined to lobes and distal 1/2 of truncus versus calyces extended to lobes and distal 2/3 of truncus); and a protruded boundary between naked area and ornamented area on truncus ( versus boundary smooth). CIB 116961* SYS r002397 SYS r002398 CIB 116962 CIB 116963 SYS r000708 SYS r001489 SYS r002395 SYS r002396 CIB 116964 CIB 116965 sex Male Male Male Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female SVL 46.9 54.8 62.4 55.2 62.9 66.4 59.1 60.6 65.7 66.4 54.7 TaL 51.9 60.2 52.7+ 37.4+ 72.7 71.7 34.5 60.8 35.8+ 52.1+ 56.5 AG 22.2 24.7 27.7 25.7 28.2 28.7 25.8 29.7 30.5 28.2 26.3 HL 12.8 13.9 15.5 14.9 16.5 17.9 16.7 15.3 16.8 16.1 13.9 HW 10.3 11.5 12.7 11.6 12.3 11.5 11.7 11.8 12.6 12.5 11.8 HH 5.1 4.8 5.9 6.2 6.9 6.5 6.4 6.0 5.9 6.5 6.2 SNT 5.3 6.3 6.7 5.8 6.9 7.1 6.9 6.9 7.7 6.9 6.3 ED 3.2 3.9 4.3 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.1 TD 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 RW 2.1 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.3 RH 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.2 MW 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9 ML 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 N 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 I 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 SPL 11/13 11/11 12/12 11/11 11/11 11/11 11/10 11/12 11/11 12/12 12/12 IFL 13/13 11/12 13/14 11/12 11/11 11/11 11/12 11/10 11/10 11/12 12/11 PO 15/16 15/15 17/17 15/16 16/17 16/16 16/16 15/15 15/15 15/16 15/16 IO 31 30 30 31 28 30 31 31 30 33 36 PM 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 GP 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 6 5 4 5 DTR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ......continued on the next page CIB 116961* SYS r002397 SYS r002398 CIB 116962 CIB 116963 SYS r000708 SYS r001489 SYS r002395 SYS r002396 CIB 116964 CIB 116965 sex Male Male Male Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female GSDT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SMC 180 181 184 171 172 178 188 196 177 191 182 SR 135 132 140 136 128 128 131 139 132 149 142 V 40 40 38 37 40 37 39 39 37 45 42 LF1 9/9 13/12 13/10 10/9 10/9 9/8 9/10 10/9 9/8 12/10 11/11 LF4 11/10 12/13 14/14 12/12 12/12 12/11 12/11 15/13 11/12 14/14 14/13 LT1 10/10 12/12 12/13 10/9 9/9 9/9 11/10 11/12 10/10 10/11 11/9 LT4 11/12 14/14 17/16 11/11 12/13 11/12 9/11 14/13 15/13 12/12 13/10 PP 8 9 7 - - - - - - - - PAT 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 Gekko ( Japonigekko ) cib sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from the following 19 congeners by lacking dorsal tubercles: G. ( J. ) adleri Nguyen, Wang, Yang, Lehmann, Le, Ziegler & Bonkowski, 2013 , G. ( J. ) auriverrucosus Zhou & Liu, 1982 , G . ( J .) canhi Rösler, Nguyen, Van Doan, Ho, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2010, G . ( J .) chinensis (Gray, 1842) , G . ( J .) hekouensis Pope, 1928, G . ( J .) japonicus (Schlegel, 1836) , G . ( J .) kwangsiensis Yang, 2015 , G . ( J .) lauhachindai Panitvong, Sumontha, Konlek & Kunya, 2010, G . ( J. ) liboensis Zhou, Liu & Li, 1982 , G . ( J .) pal- matus Boulenger, 1907 , G . ( J. ) scabridus Liu & Zhou, 1982 , G . ( J .) shibatai Toda, Sengoku, Hikida & Ota, 2008, G . ( J .) similignum Smith, 1923 , G . ( J. ) swinhonis Günther, 1864 , G . ( J. ) taibaiensis Song, 1985 , G . ( J. ) vertebralis Toda, Sengoku, Hikida & Ota, 2008 , G . ( J. ) vietnamensis Sang, 2010 , G . ( J. ) wenxianensis Zhou & Wang, 2008 , and G . ( J .) yakuensis Matsui & Okada, 1968. Furthermore, the new species can be distinguished from the following three Gekko ( Japonigekko ) congeners by having only a single postcloacal tubercle on both sides ( versus PAT 2– 2 in G . ( J .) sengchanthavongi Luu, Calame, Nguyen, Le & Ziegler, 2015 , and G . ( J .) thakhekensis Luu, Calame, Nguyen, Le, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2014 ; PAT 2–3 in G . ( J .) scientiadventura Rösler, Ziegler, Vu, Herrmann & Böhme, 2004). For the remaining six subgeneric congeners, by having 7–9 precloacal pores in males, Gekko ( Japonigekko ) cib sp. nov. can be distinguished from G . ( J .) aaronbaueri Tri, Thai, Phimvohan, David & Teynié, 2015 (PP 3–4), G . ( J .) bonkowskii Luu, Calame, Nguyen, Le & Ziegler, 2015 (PP 6), G . ( J .) nadenensis Luu, Nguyen, Le, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2017 (PP 6), G . ( J .) tawaensis Okada, 1956 (PP 0), and G . ( J .) truongi Phung & Ziegler, 2011 (PP 10–11); by having 1–2 intersupranasals, the new species can be distinguished from G . ( J .) bonkowskii and G . ( J .) nadenensis , both of which have no intersupranasals; and by having 5 dark bands between nape and sacrum on dorsum, G . ( J .) cib sp. nov. further differs from G . ( J .) guishanicus Lin & Yao, 2016 (dorsum with 6 dark bands).