Bioacoustics of Dynamena crisioides

Remarks. This hydroid, widely known as Dynamena crisioides Lamouroux, 1824 , is a common and relatively well-known shallow-water hydroid with a worldwide distribution in tropical and subtropical waters. It has been reported several times earlier from the Hawaiian Islands ( Cooke 1977 ; Coles et al . 1999a ; Coles et al . 2002a ; Carlton & Eldredge 2009 ; Calder 2020 ). Based on molecular data, D. crisioides must unfortunately be removed from the polyphyletic genus Dynamena Lamouroux, 1812 and assigned elsewhere. In the phylogenetic analyses of Moura et al . (2011) , Maronna et al . (2016) , and Song (2019), the species appears closest to Dy. disticha ( Bosc, 1802 ) and Dy. moluccana ( Pictet, 1893 ) , with all three being genetically distant from Dy. pumila ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) , the type species of Dynamena . They are here referred instead to a resurrected genus Disertasia Neppi, 1917 , type species Disertasia cavolini Neppi, 1917 . Inclusion of D. crisioides in the genus, as Disertasia crisioides , comb. nov. , warrants further assessment, however, as it is slightly separated from its two known congeners. Further comments on Disertasia are included in the Remarks section of Di. disticha immediately below. As for the specific name of its type species, Di. cavolini , it was formed as a noun in apposition and is the correct original spelling. Such formation of specific names is nevertheless discouraged by the code (ICZN 1999, Recommendation 31A). For taxonomic and biological information on this species, see Millard (1975) , Vervoort & Vasseur (1977) , Gibbons & Ryland (1989) , Calder (1991a , b, 2013), and Schuchert (2003) , all under the binomen Dynamena crisioides . Reported Distribution. Hawaiian archipelago. Oahu: Kewalo Basin ( Cooke 1977 , as Dynamena crisioides ); Honolulu Harbor ( Cooke 1977 , as Dy. crisioides ); Honolulu Harbor, Pier 29 ( Coles et al . 1999a , as Dy. crisiodes , sic); Honolulu Harbor, Snug Harbor ( Coles et al . 1999a , as Dy. crisiodes , sic); Honolulu Harbor, Sand Island Coast Guard Station ( Coles et al . 1999a , as Dy. crisiodes , sic); Honolulu Harbor, Sand Island Park ( Coles et al . 1999a , as Dy. crisiodes , sic); Keehi Lagoon, Airport Rescue Dock ( Coles et al . 1999a , as Dy. crisiodes , sic); Kewalo Basin, Fisherman’s Wharf ( Coles et al . 1999a , as Dy. crisiodes , sic); Barbers Point, coal pier ( Coles et al . 1999a , as Dy. crisiodes , sic); Kaneohe Bay, Sag Harbor ( Coles et al . 2002a , as Dy. crisioides ; Calder 2020 , as Dy. crisioides ); Honolulu Harbor, in collections at the Bishop Museum ( Carlton & Eldredge 2009 , as Dy. crisioides ).—Kauai: Port Allen Harbor ( Coles et al . 2006 , as Dy. crisioides ). Elsewhere. Circumglobal, shallow tropical and subtropical waters ( Calder 2013 , as Dy. crisioides ).