Bioacoustics of Dryadobates alagoanus

As reported by Forti et al . (2017) and Costa & Dias (2019) , the advertisement call of Dryadobates alagoanus is composed of a single, short, high-pitched “peep” emitted as a single pulse ( Fig. 10 ). Most calls (n = 164, 85%) in the two recordings from Passo de Camaragibe, Alagoas ( FNJV 12681, 12685) were emitted in six groups (intergroup interval 1.6– 10.1 s , 5.8 ± 2.2), four of which were preceded by 5–9 isolated calls. Most quantitative parameters of group and isolated calls are reported in Table 2 (all temporal measurements exclude the diminishing tail artifact). In addition to the fundamental and dominant frequencies, we observed harmonics at 7781–9281 Hz, 11437–12468 Hz, and 14812–15937 Hz. As reported by Grant et al. (2025) for D. bokermanni and D. lutzi , on average group calls are longer (0.014 ± 0.001 s ) and have shorter intercall intervals (0.171 ± 0.002 s ) than isolated calls (duration: 0.008 ± 0.001 s ; intercall interval: 0.591 ± 0.060 s ), but do not differ in spectral parameters (e.g., peak dominant frequency: group calls 6094 ± 13 Hz; isolated calls 6094 ± 33 Hz). The intercall interval of isolated calls is significantly shorter than that of D. bokermanni ( t = −20.49, df = 808.63, p <0.001).