Bioacoustics of Diploderma bifluviale

Comparisons. Diploderma bifluviale sp. nov. differs from D. flaviceps by having the following combined characteristics: (1) relatively shorter body ( SVL 62.51 ~ 64.47 [mean 63.62] mm vs 60.5 ~ 75.6 [mean 68.42] mm in males; (2) relatively shorter tail ( TAL / SVL 1.41 ~ 1.53 vs 1.88 ~ 2.09 in males, 1.37 ~ 1.56 vs 1.72 ~ 2.17 in females); (3) relatively shorter fore-limbs ( FLL / SVL 0.42 ~ 0.44 [mean 0.43] vs 0.44 ~ 0.49 [mean 0.47] in males; (4) relatively shorter hind limbs ( HLL / SVL 0.64 ~ 0.69 [mean 0.66] vs 0.72–0.80 [mean 0.76] in males, 0.64 ~ 0.69 [mean 0.65] vs 0.7 ~ 0.81 [mean 0.74] in females; (5) relatively longer snout – eye length ( SEL / HL 0.42 ~ 0.44 [mean 0.43] vs 0.30 ~ 0.34 [mean 0.33] in females (Table 2 ); (6) moderately erected skin fold under dorsal crest in males in life (vs strongly erected) and the absence of a skin fold under dorsal crest in females in life (vs presence); (7) upper and lower edges of dorsolateral stripes are separated only by a lemon-chiffon dorsal scale at the serrated tip in males (vs relatively smooth or wavy and separated by more than 3 dorsal scales), dorsolateral stripes absent or not noticeable in females (vs distinct); (8) tongue wheat color in life (vs ‘ pale flesh’ [240, 208, 202]); (9) fourth toe with claw reaching either the tympanum or the area between shoulder and tympanum when hind limbs adpressed forward (vs reaching the posterior edge of the eye). Diploderma bifluviale sp. nov. differs from D. danbaense by having the following combined characteristics: (1) relatively shorter body ( SVL 62.51 ~ 64.47 [mean 63.62] mm vs 64.72 ~ 77 [mean 70.05] mm in males; (2) relatively shorter tail ( TAL / SVL 1.41 ~ 1.53 vs 1.61 ~ 1.89 in males, 1.37 ~ 1.56 vs 1.55 ~ 1.59 in females); (3) relatively shorter head ( HL 19.63 ~ 20.51 [mean 20.01] mm vs 21.38 ~ 26.6 [mean 22.88]) in males; (4) relatively shorter hind limbs ( HLL / SVL 0.64 ~ 0.69 [mean 0.66] vs 0.66 ~ 0.71 [mean 0.70] in males; (5) relatively longer trunk length ( TRL / SVL 0.48 ~ 0.52 [mean 0.50] vs 0.45 ~ 0.47 [mean 0.46]) in adult females (Table 2 ); (6) upper and lower edges of dorsolateral stripes are separated only by a lemon-chiffon dorsal scale at the serrated tip in males (vs relatively smooth or wavy and separated by 3 [fewer 1] dorsal scales); (7) tongue wheat color in life (vs ‘ pale flesh’); (8) fourth toe with claw reaching either the tympanum or the area between shoulder and tympanum when hind limbs adpressed forward (vs the area between eyes and ears). Diploderma bifluviale sp. nov. differs from D. daduense ( Cai, Liu & Chang, 2024 ) by having the following combined characteristics: (1) relatively shorter body ( SVL 62.51 ~ 64.47 [mean 63.62] mm vs 74.7–95.0 [mean 86.5] mm in males; (2) relatively shorter tail ( TAL / SVL 1.41 ~ 1.53 vs 2.04 ~ 2.62 in males; (3) dorsolateral stripes are lemon-chiffon (vs green-yellow anteriorly, cyan in the center, and blurry off-white posteriorly); (4) tongue wheat color in life (vs ‘ pale flesh’). Diploderma bifluviale sp. nov. differs from D. brevipes (Gressitt, 1936) , D. chapaense (Bourret, 1937) , D. fasciatum (Mertens, 1926) , D. hamptoni (Smith, 1935) , D. luei (Ota, Chen & Shang, 1998) , D. makii (Ota, 1989) , D. menghaiense Liu, Hou, Wang, Ananjeva & Rao, 2020 , D. micangshanense (Song, 1987), D. nangunhe Liu, Li , (Yang, Hou, Rao & Ananjeva, 2024), D. ngoclinense (Ananjeva, Orlov & Nguyen, 2017) , D. polygonatum Hallowell, 1861 , D. swinhonis (Günther, 1864) , and D. yunnanense (Anderson, 1878) by the presence of a transverse gular fold (vs absence). Diploderma bifluviale sp. nov. differs from D. dymondi (Boulenger, 1906) , D. panlong Wang, Che & Siler, 2020 , D. slowinskii (Rao, Vindum, Ma, Fu & Wilkinson, 2017) , D. swild Wang, Wu, Jiang, Chen, Miao, Siler & Che, 2019 , and D. varcoae (Boulenger, 1918) by having concealed tympana (vs exposed). Diploderma bifluviale sp. nov. differs from D. angustelinea Wang, Ren, Wu, Che & Siler, 2020 , D. aorun Wang, Jiang, Zheng, Xie, Che & Siler, 2020 , D. batangense (Li, Deng, Wu & Wang, 2001) , D. bowoense Wang, Gao, Wu, Siler & Che, 2021 , D. brevicauda (Manthey, Denzer, Hou & Wang, 2012) , D. chapaense (Bourret, 1937) , D. daochengense Cai, Zhang, Li, Du, Xie, Hou, Zhou & Jiang, 2022 , D. donglangense Liu, Hou, Ananjeva & Rao, 2023 , D. flavilabre Wang, Che & Siler, 2020 , D. formosgulae Wang, Gao, Wu, Dong, Shi, Qi, Siler & Che, 2021 , D. iadinum (Wang, Jiang, Siler & Che, 2016) , D. jiulongense Liu, Hou, Ananjeva & Rao, 2023 , D. kangdingense Cai, Zhang, Li, Du, Xie, Hou, Zhou & Jiang, 2022 , D. laeviventre (Wang, Jiang, Siler & Che, 2016) , D. limingense Liu, Hou, Rao & Ananjeva, 2022 , D. nangunhe Liu, Li, Yang, Hou, Rao & Ananjeva, 2024 , D. panchi Wang, Zheng, Xie, Che & Siler, 2020 , D. qilin Wang, Ren, Che & Siler, 2020 , D. splendidum (Barbour & Dunn, 1919) , D. tachengense Liu, Hou, Ananjeva & Rao, 2023 , D. xinlongense Cai, Zhang, Li, Du, Xie, Hou, Zhou & Jiang, 2022 , D. yangi Wang, Zhang & Li, 2022 , D. yongshengense , D. yulongense , and D. zhaoermii (Gao & Hou, 2002) by the absence of a gular spot in males in life (vs presence of a colourful gular spot). Diploderma bifluviale sp. nov. differs from D. drukdaypo (Wang, Ren, Jiang, Zou, Wu, Che & Siler, 2019) by having strongly keeled ventral scales of body (vs smooth or weakly keeled); from D. qiaojiaense ( Liu, Hou & Rao, 2024 ) by having lemon-chiffon dorsolateral stripes in males in life (vs light green); from D. grahami (Stejneger, 1924) due to having relatively longer hind limbs ( HLL / SVL 0.64 ~ 0.69 vs 0.61), and the presence of dorsolateral stripes (vs absence) in males; from D. kangdingense Cai, Zhang, Li, Du, Xie, Hou, Zhou & Jiang, 2022 by having dim grey ventrolateral surface of body in males in life (vs yellow); from D. shuoquense Liu, Hou, Rao & Ananjeva, 2022 by having strongly keeled ventral head scales and from D. vela (Wang, Jiang & Che, 2015) by having inconspicuous radial lines around the eyes (vs distinct radial stripes), and having moderately erected skin fold under nuchal (vs a pronounced, sail-like, and continuous vertebral crest) in males.