Bioacoustics of Allobates algorei

For the taxonomic identification we made morphological comparisons with the original species description (Barrio- Amorós & Santos , 2009) and genetic identification by sequencing two fragments of partial genes 16s and CO1 of each specimen. We used the pairs of primers 16sar (5′ -CGC CTG TTT ATC AAA AAC AT- 3′) and 16sbr (5′ -CTC CGG TTT GAA CTC AGA TC- 3′), and the standard barcoding fragment dgLCO1490 (5′ -GGT CAA CAA ATC ATA AAG AYA TYG G) and dgHCO2198 (5′ -TAA ACT TCA GGG TGA CCA AAR AAY CA). The sequences were aligned and edited with BioEdit ( Hall, 1999 ), including the sequences available for A. algorei ( Genbank accession number: HQ 290950 ; voucher number: TNHCFS5551) corresponding to the type locality ( Táchira : road from San Cristobal to Río Negro ), and the addition of other Allobates species distributed in Colombia and Venezuela . A phylogenetic tree reconstruction was carried out with Maximum Likelihood analyses in IQ-TREE ( Nguyen et al ., 2015 ), using the TIM2+F+G4 model of evolution, and to estimate branch supports we used the ultrafast bootstrap method ( Minh et al ., 2013 ). The pairwise genetic distances between species were calculated following the Maximum Composite Likelihood method ( Tamura & Kumar, 2004 ) using MEGA 7.0 ( Kumar et al ., 2016 ). Genbank accession number of specimens reported in this work are: 16s ( MK369818 -19) and CO1 ( MK369820 -21). Allobates algorei can be easily distinguished from similar species by the following characteristics ( Barrio-Amorós & Santos, 2009 ): (1) fingers slightly expanded and round; (2) finger fringes absent; (3) toe webbing absent; (4) toes are slightly expanded, about 1.4 times wider than distal end of adjacent phalanx ( Figure 2A ); (5) metatarsal fold absent; (6) skin of dorsum from smooth to slightly granular; (7) dorsal pattern irregularly spotted; (8) lateral stripe diffuse obliquely; (9) dorsolateral stripe absent; (10) belly from spotless to pale yellow in males and immaculate in females; (11) snout is subacuminate in profile ( Figure 2B ); and (12) small size with adult males larger than adult females: mean SVL for adult males 20.8± 0.6 mm (n=12) and mean SVL for adult females 18.6± 0.6 mm (n=2). Males are slightly larger than reported by Barrio-Amorós & Santos (2009) ( Figure 1 ). Frogs of A. algorei reported in this study were often calling under rocks in the margin of the river, into the forest and near of crops indicating reproductive activity. The advertisement call (not recorded) has a pattern similar to that described by Barrio-Amorós & Santos (2009) , with a single-note call at a constant rate and approximately 2–3 notes per second.